BUSINESS STUDIES (054)
CLASS–XII (2014-15)
COURSE STRUCTUREOne Paper 3 Hours
100 Marks
Units Periods Marks
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management
1. Nature and Significance of Management 14
2. Principles of Management 14 16
3. Business Environment 12
4. Planning 14
5. Organising 18
14
6. Staffing 16
7. Directing 18 20
8. Controlling 14
120 50
Part B: Business Finance and Marketing
9. Financial Management 22
10. Financial Markets 20
15
11. Marketing Management 32
12. Consumer Protection 16 15
Part C: Project Work 30 20
120 50
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management
Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management 14 Periods Management- concept, objectives and importance. Management as Science, Art and Profession. Levels of ManagementManagement functions- planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling. Coordination- concept and importance.
Concept includes meaning and characteristics/features.
Objectives - organizational, social and personal.
Management as art- Features of art and the existence of these features in management.
Management as science- Features of science and the existence of these features in management. Management
as profession- features of profession and the existence of these features in management.
Levels of management-Functions of management at top, middle and supervisory levels with names of job
positions.
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Unit 2: Principles of Management 14 Periods Principles of Management- concept and significance. Fayol's principles of management.Taylor's Scientific management- principles and techniques.
Meaning of principles of management. Nature of principles of management by stating their basic
characteristics.
Significance or need of principles of management. Principles of Scientific. Management given by Taylor-
Science, not rule of thumb; Harmony, not discord; Cooperation, not individualism;
Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity. Taylor's techniques
of Scientific management: Functional Foremanship; Standardisation and Simplification;
Work study: Method study, Motion study, Time study, Fatigue study. Differential piece wage system.
Basis of his thought Mental Revolution.
Unit 3: Management and Business Environment 12 PeriodsBusiness Environment- concept and importance. Dimensions of Business Environment- Economic, Social, Technological, Political and Legal. Impact of Government policy changes on business with special reference to liberalization,
privatization and globalization in India.
Dimensions of Business Environment- meaning and components only.
Unit 4: Planning 14 Periods Concept, importance and limitations. Planning process Single use and standing plans. Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, Budget
and Programme.
Limitations- internal and external. Meaning of single use and standing plans.
Unit 5: Organising 18 Periods Concept and importance.
Organising Process. Structure of organisation- functional and divisional- concept. Formal and informal organisationconcept. Delegation: concept, elements and importance. Decentralization: concept and importance.
Structure of organisation- functional and divisional- merits and limitations.
Formal and informal - merits and limitations.
Unit 6: Staffing 16 Periods Concept and importance of staffing. Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management- concept.Staffing process
245 Recruitment- sourcesSelection -processTraining and Development- Concept and importance. Methods of training- on the job and off
the job- Induction training, vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training.
Recruitment Sources- Internal-promotion, transfer; External -Direct recruitment, Casual callers,
Advertisements-(newspapers, journals, television), Employment Exchange, Placement Agencies and
Management Consultants, Campus Recruitment, Web Publishing, Labour Contractors, Recommendations
of employees .
Methods of on-the-job training and off-the job training-meaning.
Unit 7: Directing 18 Periods Concept and importance Elements of Directing
- Supervision- concept, functions of a supervisor.
- Motivation- concept, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Financial and non-financial incentives.
- Leadership- concept, styles- authoritative, democratic and laissez faire.
- Communication-concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective
communication, how to overcome the barriers.
Motivation- Financial incentives-meaning, types- Pay and Allowances, Productivity linked wage incentive,
bonus, Profit sharing, co-partnership/stock option, Retirement benefits, Perquisites; Non-financial
incentives- meaning, types-Status, Career advancement opportunity, Job enrichment, Job security, Employee
recognition programmes, Job enrichment, Employee participation, Employee empowerment.
Formal and informal communication- concept; barriers to effective communication- semantic barriers
( badly expressed message, symbols with different meanings, faulty translations, unclarified assumptions,
technical jargon), psychological barriers (premature evaluation, lack of attention, distrust), organisational
barriers (organisational policy, rules and regulations, complexity in organisational structure, organisational
facilities), personal barriers ( fear of challenge to authority, lack of confidence of superior on his subordinates,
unwillingness to communicate, lack of proper incentives). How to overcome barriers: Communicate
according to the needs of the receiver, clarify the ideas before communication, be aware of the language,
tone and content of the message, communicate for present as well for the future, ensure proper feedback
and be a good listener.
Unit 8: Controlling 14 Periods
Concept and importance.
Relationship between planning and controlling
Steps in the process of control
Self explanatory.
PART B: BUSINESS FINANCE AND MARKETING
Unit 9: Financial Management 22 Periods
Concept and objective of Financial Management.
Financial Decisions: investment, financing and dividend- Meaning and factors affecting.
Financial Planning- concept and importance.
246
Capital Structure - Concept.
Fixed and Working Capital - Concept and factors affecting their requirements.
Factors affecting capital budgeting decisions- cash flows of the project, the rate of return, investment
criteria involved. Factors affecting financing decision-cash flow position of the company, cost, risk, floatation
costs, fixed operating costs, control considerations, state of the capital market, Return on investment, tax
rate, flexibility, regulatory framework . Factors affecting dividend decision- amount of earnings, stability
of earnings, stability of dividends, growth opportunities, cash flow position, shareholder's preference,
taxation policy, stock market reaction, access to capital market, legal constraints, contractual constraints.
Factors affecting fixed capital requirement- Nature of business, scale of operations, choice of technique,
technology upgradation, growth prospects, diversification, financing alternatives, level of collaboration.
Working capital- concept of operating cycle, factors affecting working capital requirement- Nature of
business, scale of operations, business cycle, seasonal factors, production cycle, credit allowed, credit availed,
availability of raw material.
Unit 10: Financial Markets 20 Periods
• Financial Markets: Concept and types.
• Money market and its instruments.
• Capital market and its types (primary and secondary)
• Stock Exchange- Functions and trading procedure.
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)- objectives and functions.
Types of financial market- money market and capital market- meaning.
Money market instruments- Treasury bill, commercial paper, call money, certificate of deposit, commercial
bill.
Capital market -Types- primary and secondary market- concept.
Unit 11: Marketing Management 32 Periods
• Selling, Marketing and Societal Marketing management- Concept.
• Marketing management- Concept.
• Marketing Functions.
• Marketing management philosophies.
• Marketing Mix - Concept & elements
- Product-Concept, branding, labelling and packaging.
- Price- Factors determining price.
- Physical Distribution- concept, channels of distribution: types, choice of channels.
- Promotion- Concept and elements; advertising-concept, role, objections against advertising,
personal selling-concept and qualities of a good salesman, sales promotion- concept and
techniques, public relations- concept and role.
Marketing mix elements- Product, price, place, promotion
Branding, labelling, packaging- concept and functions .Choice of channels of distribution- factors affecting
choice of channel- product related factors, company characteristics, competitive factors, market factors,
environmental factors.
247
Unit 12: Consumer Protection 16 Periods
• Concept and importance of consumer protection.
• Consumer Protection Act 1986
- Meaning of consumer and consumer protection
- Rights and responsibilities of consumers
- Who can file a complaint and against whom?
- Redressal machinery.
- Remedies available.
• Consumer awareness-Role of consumer organizations and NGOs
Self explanatory
Unit 13: Project Work 30 Periods
Please refer to guidelines issued by CBSE.
248
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